Nextcloud

Prerequisite

• Nginx
• PHP
• MariaDB
• Fail2Ban to avoid people trying brute-force attacks on your password

Install

Add Repository

In order to get an up-to-date ownCloud, it is preferable to install it from the upstream repositories.

Use the following command to install the repository and its key, plus to configure pinning to use it as the default source

$ curl -s https://download.owncloud.org/download/repositories/stable/Debian_8.0/Release.key | sudo apt-key add -
OK
$ echo "deb http://download.owncloud.org/download/repositories/stable/Debian_8.0/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/owncloud.list > /dev/null
$ sudo tee "/etc/apt/preferences.d/owncloud" > /dev/null << EOF
> Package: owncloud
> Pin: origin "download.owncloud.org"
> Pin-Priority: 995
> EOF
$ sudo apt update

Install

$ sudo apt install owncloud

Configure PHP

Edit file /etc/php5/mods-available/local-common.ini and add /var/www/owncloud/:/dev/:/var/log/owncloud/ to the open_basedir setting.

Reload PHP:

$ sudo service php5-fpm reload

Configure Webserver

1. Create the config file /etc/nginx/sites-available/owncloud.example.org

   server server server {
       include snippets/listen-http.conf;
       server_name owncloud.example.org;
   
       access_log /var/log/nginx/owncloud.example.org.access.log;
       error_log /var/log/nginx/owncloud.example.org.error.log;
   
       include snippets/https-permanent-redirect.conf;
   }
   
   server {
       include snippets/listen-https.conf;
       server_name owncloud.example.org;
   
       access_log /var/log/nginx/owncloud.example.org.access.log;
       error_log /var/log/nginx/owncloud.example.org.error.log;
   
       include snippets/acme-challenge.conf;
       #include snippets/ssl.conf;
       #ssl_certificate      /etc/letsencrypt/live/owncloud.example.org/fullchain.pem;
       #ssl_certificate_key  /etc/letsencrypt/live/owncloud.example.org/privkey.pem;
       #include snippets/hsts.conf;
   
       # Protect web interface during initial setup
       # The following two lines must be removed after initial configuration
       auth_basic            "You shall not pass!";
       auth_basic_user_file  /etc/nginx/htpasswd/generic.htpasswd;
   
       include snippets/security-headers.conf;
       include snippets/x-frame-options-sameorigin.conf;
       add_header X-Robots-Tag none always;
       add_header X-Download-Options noopen always;
       
       # Path to the root of your installation
       root /var/www/owncloud/;
       
       location = /.well-known/carddav {
           return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
       }
       location = /.well-known/caldav {
           return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
       }
   
       client_max_body_size 10G; # set max upload size
       fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
   
       error_page 403 /core/templates/403.php;
       error_page 404 /core/templates/404.php;
       location / {
           rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
       }
   
   
       location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
           return 404;
       }
       location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
           return 404;
       }
   
       location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+|core/templates/40[34])\.php(?:$|/) {
           fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
           include fastcgi_params;
           fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
           fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
           fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
           fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; #Avoid sending the security headers twice
           fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
           fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
           fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
           fastcgi_request_buffering off;
       }
   
       location ~* \.(?:css|js)$ {
           try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
           add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=7200";
       }
       location ~* \.(?:svg|gif|png|html|ttf|woff|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
           try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
       }
   
       location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|bmp|ico|png|css|js|swf|svg)$ {
           expires 30d;
       }
   }
   

2. Activate the configuration with

   $ sudo nginx_modsite -e owncloud.example.org
   Would you like to reload the Nginx configuration now? (Y/n) Y
   

3. Edit file /usr/local/etc/certmanage/main.json and add the following to the list

   {
       "domains": ["owncloud.example.org"],
       "reload": [["/bin/systemctl", "reload", "nginx.service"]]
   }
   

4. Get your certificate

   $ sudo /usr/local/sbin/certmanage
   Renewing certificate for owncloud.example.org that will expire on 0001-01-01
   
   Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
   Starting new HTTPS connection (1): acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org
   Obtaining a new certificate
   Performing the following challenges:
   http-01 challenge for owncloud.example.org
   Using the webroot path /var/www/acme-challenge for all unmatched domains.
   Waiting for verification...
   Cleaning up challenges
   Generating key (2048 bits): /etc/letsencrypt/keys/1764_key-certbot.pem
   Creating CSR: /etc/letsencrypt/csr/1764_csr-certbot.pem
   
   IMPORTANT NOTES:
    - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at
      /etc/letsencrypt/live/owncloud.example.org/fullchain.pem. Your cert
      will expire on 2025-02-22. To obtain a new or tweaked version of
      this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again. To
      non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run "certbot
      renew"
    - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
   
      Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
      Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le
   
   Restarting services:
   systemctl reload nginx.service
   

5. Uncomment the ssl related lines in /etc/nginx/sites-available/owncloud.example.org and run

   $ sudo systemctl reload nginx.service
   

Configure ownCloud

//config.php

$ sudo tee "/usr/local/bin/occ" > /dev/null << EOF
> !/bin/sh
> sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php /var/www/owncloud/occ "\$@"
> EOF
$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/occ

Logs

First you need to create a folder for the logs

$ sudo mkdir /var/log/nextcloud
$ sudo chmod 750 /var/log/nextcloud
$ sudo chown www-data:adm /var/log/nextcloud

Create file /etc/logrotate.d/nextcloud with the following content

/var/log/nextcloud/nextcloud.log {
  rotate 6
  monthly
  compress
  delaycompress
  missingok
  notifempty
  create 640 www-data adm
}

Finally activate the new log location. Edit /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php and add/edit the logfile line

'logfile' => '/var/log/nextcloud/nextcloud.log',

Cron

Create file /etc/cron.d/owncloud

*/15 *   *   *   *   www-data /usr/bin/php -f /var/www/owncloud/cron.php

Now open ownCloud in your browser and go to the admin section and activate cron

Fail2Ban

Create file /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/owncloud.conf

[Definition]
failregex="Login failed: '.*' \(Remote IP: '<HOST>'?\)"

Create file /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/owncloud.conf

[owncloud]
enabled = true
filter  = owncloud
port    = http,https
logpath = /var/log/owncloud/owncloud.log

Finally, activate the new jail using

$ sudo fail2ban-client reload owncloud
ERROR  NOK: ('owncloud',)

(the error message is normal)