Nginx

Warning:

These instructions were only tested on Debian. It will probably work for other Linux distributions, but you might need to adapt the provided instructions.

Nginx is a fast and powerful web server.

Install

apt install nginx-extras

Configure

conf.d

The conf.d folder stores shared configuration shared between all the sites hosted on your server.

Create the following files:

• /etc/nginx/conf.d/dns.conf

  # DNS resolver
  # It is required for OCSP Stapling. It might also be used if you use a hostname for upstream servers
  resolver 127.0.0.1;
  # If you don't have a DNS resolver on your machine you can use google public ones instead
  #resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4;
  

• /etc/nginx/conf.d/gzip.conf

  # Insert header "Vary: Accept-Encoding" in responses
  # https://www.maxcdn.com/blog/accept-encoding-its-vary-important/
  gzip_vary on; 
  
  gzip_comp_level 6;
  
  gzip_proxied any;
  
  gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript image/svg+xml;
  

• /etc/nginx/conf.d/php.confConfiguration file if you need php. Don't forget to install PHP.

  upstream php {
      server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
  }
  

• /etc/nginx/conf.d/server_tokens.conf

  # Hide nginx version
  # This doesn't provides any real security but makes hackers life a bit more difficult
  server_tokens off;
  

• /etc/nginx/conf.d/ssl.conf

  # These two settings are now included by default in nginx.conf
  #ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
  #ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
  
  ssl_ciphers "ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES256-SHA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!SRP:!DSS:!RC4:!CAMELLIA:!SEED";
  
  # Parameters for Diffie-Hellman handshake
  # Generate the file with the command:
  #    openssl dhparam 2048 -out /etc/nginx/dh2048.pem
  ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/dh2048.pem;
  
  # Support OSCP Stapling. Check that resolver from in dns.conf is working
  ssl_stapling on;
  ssl_stapling_verify on;
  ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt;
  
  # Support SSL session cache
  ssl_session_cache shared:NginxCache:50m;
  ssl_session_tickets off; # https://timtaubert.de/blog/2014/11/the-sad-state-of-server-side-tls-session-resumption-implementations/
  

snippets

The snippets folder allows you to store bits of configuration that you can later include in virtual hosts configuration.This saves a lot of typing and errors when creating a new site.

• /etc/nging/conf.d/acme-challenge.conf
  See SSL
• /etc/nging/conf.d/hsts.conf

  # Activate HTTP Strict Transport Security
  # max-age value is in seconds. 31536000 is 6 months
  
  # add_header only works for 2xx and 3xx response code
  # Use module ngx_headers_more to add header for any response. 
  # If you don't have this module, remove the first line and uncomment the second one
  more_set_headers "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000";
  #add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;
  

• /etc/nginx/snippets/https-permanent-redirect.conf

  # Reply to the browser with a permanent redirect to the secure version of the page
  return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
  

• /etc/nginx/snippets/listen-http.conf
/etc/nginx/snippets/listen-https.conf
  
  Obviously, you need to replace the example IP addresses by the one of your server. You can get the IP of your server with the commands curl https://ipv6.meurisse.org and curl https://ipv4.meurisse.org.

  listen [2001:db8:3:47d0::2e:7]:80;
  listen 203.0.113.23:80;
  

  listen [2001:db8:3:47d0::2e:7]:443 ssl spdy;
  listen 203.0.113.23:443 ssl spdy;
  

• /etc/nginx/snippets/ssl.conf

  ssl on;
  ssl_stapling on;