MediaWiki

Warning:

This page is a work in progress and is not completed. Important informations might be missing or wrong.

Warning:

These instructions were only tested on Debian. It will probably work for other Linux distributions, but you might need to adapt the provided instructions.

Prerequisite

Before using this guide, you will need

• MariaDB as a database
• Nginx as a webserver
• A domain name for your wiki pointing to your server. We will use wiki.example.org in this guide.

Install MediaWiki

Warning:

Debian packages are currently unmaintained and outdated. This guide will install MediaWiki from source. For your security, don't forget to follow upstream releases and update your installation.

Get source

Get the link to the latest stable version from MediaWiki

# cd /var/www
# curl https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.28/mediawiki-1.28.0.tar.gz | tar xz
# mv mediawiki 1.28.0 mediawiki
# chown -R www-data: mediawiki

Configure PHP

Edit file /etc/php/7.0/mods-available/local-common.ini and add folder /var/www/mediawiki/ to the open_basedir setting.

Configure Nginx

1. Create the config file /etc/nginx/sites-available/wiki.example.org

   server {
       include snippets/listen-http.conf;
       server_name wiki.example.org;
   
       access_log /var/log/nginx/wiki.access.log;
       error_log /var/log/nginx/wiki.error.log info;
   
       include snippets/acme-challenge.conf;
       include snippets/https-permanent-redirect.conf;
   }
   
   server {
       include snippets/listen-https.conf;
   
       server_name wiki.example.org;
   
       access_log /var/log/nginx/wiki.access.log;
       error_log /var/log/nginx/wiki.error.log info;
   
       include snippets/acme-challenge.conf;
       #include snippets/ssl.conf;
       #ssl_certificate      /etc/letsencrypt/live/wiki.example.org/fullchain.pem;
       #ssl_certificate_key  /etc/letsencrypt/live/wiki.example.org/privkey.pem;
       #include snippets/hsts.conf;
   
       root /var/www/mediawiki;
       index index.php;
   
       client_max_body_size 5m;
       client_body_timeout 60;
   
       location / {
           try_files $uri /index.php?$args;
       }
   
       location /images {
           location ~ \.php$ {return 403;}
       }
   
       location ~ \.php$ {
           try_files $uri =404;
           include fastcgi.conf;
           fastcgi_pass php;
       }
   
       location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
           try_files $uri /index.php;
           expires max;
           log_not_found off;
       }
   
       location = /_.gif {
           expires max;
           empty_gif;
       }
   
       # Mark all of these directories as "internal", which means that they cannot
       # be explicitly accessed by clients. However, the web server can still use
       # and serve the files inside of them. This keeps people from poking around
       # in the wiki's internals.
       location ^~ /cache/ { internal; }
       location ^~ /docs/ { internal; }
       location ^~ /extensions/ { internal; }
       location ^~ /includes/ { internal; }
       location ^~ /languages/ { internal; }
       location ^~ /maintenance/ { internal; }
       #location ^~ /mw-config/ { internal; } #Uncomment after installation
       location ^~ /tests/ { internal; }
   }
   

2. Activate the configuration with

   $ sudo nginx_modsite -e wiki.example.org
   Would you like to reload the Nginx configuration now? (Y/n) Y
   

3. Edit file /usr/local/etc/certmanage/main.json and add the following to the list

   {
       "domains": ["wiki.example.org"],
       "reload": [["/bin/systemctl", "reload", "nginx.service"]]
   }
   

4. Get your certificate

   $ sudo /usr/local/sbin/certmanage
   Renewing certificate for wiki.example.org that will expire on 0001-01-01
   
   Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
   Starting new HTTPS connection (1): acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org
   Obtaining a new certificate
   Performing the following challenges:
   http-01 challenge for wiki.example.org
   Using the webroot path /var/www/acme-challenge for all unmatched domains.
   Waiting for verification...
   Cleaning up challenges
   Generating key (2048 bits): /etc/letsencrypt/keys/1764_key-certbot.pem
   Creating CSR: /etc/letsencrypt/csr/1764_csr-certbot.pem
   
   IMPORTANT NOTES:
    - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at
      /etc/letsencrypt/live/wiki.example.org/fullchain.pem. Your cert
      will expire on 2025-02-22. To obtain a new or tweaked version of
      this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again. To
      non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run "certbot
      renew"
    - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
   
      Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
      Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le
   
   Restarting services:
   systemctl reload nginx.service
   

5. Uncomment the ssl related lines in /etc/nginx/sites-available/wiki.example.org and run

   $ sudo systemctl reload nginx.service
   

Configure

/mw-config

Install Extensions

ParserFunctions

This extension is bundled by default with MediaWiki. You just need to activate it.

Add the line wfLoadExtension( 'ParserFunctions' ); to the file /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php

SyntaxHighlight

This extension is bundled by default with MediaWiki. You just need to activate it.

Add the line wfLoadExtension( 'SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi' ); to the file /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php

TemplateData

Allows you to describe your templates using structured data for a better experience with the VisualEditor.

https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TemplateData

VisualEditor

Parsoid

The VisualEditor extension require Parsoid to be installed.

Install

The project is still you and instruction might change. See mediawiki instructions.

Configuration

Connect to MediaWiki

Edit configuration in /etc/mediawiki/parsoid/config.yaml and change the following lines

        # Configure Parsoid to point to your MediaWiki instances.
        mwApis:
        - # This is the only required parameter,
          # the URL of you MediaWiki API endpoint.
          uri: 'https://wiki.example.org:443/api.php'
          # The "domain" is used for communication with Visual Editor
          # and RESTBase.  It defaults to the hostname portion of
          # the `uri` property below, but you can manually set it
          # to an arbitrary string.
          domain: 'wiki.example.org'
          # To specify a proxy (or proxy headers) specific to this prefix
          # (which overrides defaultAPIProxyURI). Alternatively, set `proxy`
          # to `null` to override and force no proxying when a default proxy
          # has been set.
          #proxy:
          #    uri: 'http://my.proxy:1234/'
          #    headers:  # optional
          #        'X-Forwarded-Proto': 'https'

Warning: If you have changed the listening port of your webserver (you are using sslh), you might need to change the 443 in the line above.

You can check your ports using

# netstat -plnt |grep nginx
tcp        0      0 203.0.113.23:4433          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1462/nginx: worker 
tcp        0      0 203.0.113.23:80            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1462/nginx: worker 
tcp6       0      0 2001:db8:3:47d0::2e:7::443 :::*                    LISTEN      1462/nginx: worker 
tcp6       0      0 2001:db8:3:47d0::2e:7::80  :::*                    LISTEN      1462/nginx: worker

Parsoid seems to pick the IPV4 port. 4433 in this case

Restarting

After changing the config, you need to restart Parsoid.

# service parsoid restart

php-curl

VisualEditor require the curl PHP extension

# apt install php5-curl

MobileFrontend

Because a lot of your traffic will come from mobile devices.

• Download MobileFrontend
• Extract it in /var/www/mediawiki/extensions/
• Add the following to /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php

  require_once "$IP/extensions/MobileFrontend/MobileFrontend.php";
  $wgMFAutodetectMobileView = true;
  # disable talk and watch features
  $wgMFPageActions = array( 'edit', 'upload' );
  

For more information, check the extension documentation

Cite

This extension is bundled by default with MediaWiki. You just need to activate it.

Add the line wfLoadExtension( 'Cite' ); to the file /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php

TitleKey

The TitleKey extension allows search suggestion to be case insensitive.

• Download extension from https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:ExtensionDistributor/TitleKey
• Unzip the extension in /var/www/mediawiki/extensions
• Add the line require_once "$IP/extensions/TitleKey/TitleKey.php"; to the file /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php
• Create tables by running the following commands

  $ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/update.php
  $ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php /var/www/mediawiki/extensions/TitleKey/rebuildTitleKeys.php
  

Speedup

By default the MediaWiki installation is pretty slow.

Localisation cache

Uncomment the line about $wgCacheDirectory in /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php.

## Set $wgCacheDirectory to a writable directory on the web server
## to make your wiki go slightly faster. The directory should not
## be publically accessible from the web.
$wgCacheDirectory = "$IP/cache";

Page cache

# Enable generated page cache
$wgUseFileCache = true;
$wgFileCacheDirectory = "$IP/cache";

Enable CronJob

First create the log file

# touch /var/log/mediawiki-runJobs.log
# chown www-data:adm /var/log/mediawiki-runJobs.log
# chmod 640 /var/log/mediawiki-runJobs.log

Then add the following line in /etc/crontab

0  0    * * *   www-data /usr/bin/php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/runJobs.php > /var/log/mediawiki-runJobs.log

Finally you can disable jobs running on user visits in /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php

# Jobs are run by the cronjob. No need to run them on use visits
# https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgJobRunRate
$wgJobRunRate = 0;

You can check the number of jobs in the queue at https://wiki.example.org/api.php?action=query&meta=siteinfo&siprop=statistics&format=jsonfm

Other Settings

Canonical links

Page in MediaWiki can be accessed by several URLs. For example the main page of this wiki can be accessed with

• https://wiki.meurisse.org/
• https://wiki.meurisse.org/wiki/Main_Page
• https://wiki.meurisse.org/index.php?title=Main_Page
• https://wiki.meurisse.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop

To avoid issues with duplicated content in search engines, it is possible to add a canonical link to all pages

$wgEnableCanonicalServerLink = true;

Capital Links

By default, MediaWiki forces the first letter of a page title to be upper case. The advantage of it is that you can omit the first capital in links,

Eg. You have a page named Test. You can link to it like This is a [[test]].

The drawback is that you can't create a page with lower case title.

Change that in /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php.

$wgCapitalLinks = false;

Footer

By default the footer contain several links that we want to configure.

Licence

The license is controlled by these parameters

$wgRightsPage = ""; # Set to the title of a wiki page that describes your license/copyright
$wgRightsUrl = "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/";
$wgRightsText = "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike";
$wgRightsIcon = "$wgResourceBasePath/resources/assets/licenses/cc-by-sa.png";

The text of the link itself is the content of the page https://wiki.example.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Copyright

About / Disclaimers / Privacy

The three other default links in the footer are controlled by this pages:

https://wiki.example.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Aboutsite

https://wiki.example.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Disclaimers

https://wiki.example.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Privacy

To remove one of the link set the content of the page to -.

No-nofollow

By default MediaWiki adds rel="nofollow" to all external links. While it's usage for real wikis is discussed, it is counterproductive for a personal wiki. It can be disabled in LocalSettings.php.

$wgNoFollowLinks = false;

Subpages

Subpages are only enabled for some namespaces. Others can be enabled in LocalSettings.php.

$wgNamespacesWithSubpages[NS_MAIN] = true;

Page Title

{{DISPLAYTITLE}} allows you to change the title of a page (the default is to use the same as the URL). However by default only minor changes are allowed like the case of the title.

If you want to do more changes to the page title (eg. keep a short URL but have an explicit title like this page), you can enable this

$wgRestrictDisplayTitle = false;

Sitemap

SItemaps are good for SEO as they allow search engines to find pages faster on your site.

Mediawiki comes included with a script that can generate the sitemaps files; but it requires a bit of setup before using it.

1. In /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php add the following lines

   # Only generate Sitemap for Main(0) and Category(14) namespaces
   $wgSitemapNamespaces = array(0, 14);
   

2. Create a folder named sitemap at the root of your installation
3. Add this line to /etc/crontab

   15 0    * * *   www-data /usr/bin/php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/generateSitemap.php --fspath=/var/www/mediawiki/sitemap --urlpath=https://wiki.example.org/sitemap/ --server=https://wiki.example.org --skip-redirects > /dev/null
   

   You can also force an initial generation of the sitemap files using this command

   $ sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php /var/www/mediawiki/maintenance/generateSitemap.php --fspath=/var/www/mediawiki/sitemap --urlpath=https://wiki.example.org/sitemap/ --server=https://wiki.example.org --skip-redirects
   

4. Your sitemap will then be accessible at https://wiki.example.org/sitemap/sitemap-index-wiki.xml
5. Add this sitemap in the webmaster tools of the targeted search engines